Advantages of web standards

the advantages of web standards are given below

• easy format conversion : document which follow standards can easily be converted to other formats , such as databases or word document
• greater visibility in web searches : the structural information present in documents makes it easy for search engines to access and evaluate the information in those documents , and they get indexed more accurately
• Accessibility : it is an important idea behind many web standards , especially HTML . not only mean allowing the web to be used by people , but also allowing web pages to be understood by people using browsers other than the usual ones like voice browsers, etc.
• comprehensive : it is important that the developers are able to comprehended the code and edit it easily .
• Device compatibility : web pages will display in an wide variety of browsers and computers .
• Faster loading : w3c standars promote the use of cascading style sheet (CSS) or design code which is attached to the web page rather than embedded in the page . the use of style sheets significantly reduces the page file size which means not inly a faster page loading time but lower hosting costs for frequently visited sites due to using less bandwidth .
• Flexibility : design features such as color and fonts can be easily changed by just modifying one style sheet instead of editing every individual page in a web site .
• Indexing : search engines are able to access and index pages designed to web standards with greater efficiency .

SYLLABUS (COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS )

module 1

computer system : introduction – features and parts of new generation computers – factors to be considered while selecting computer – importance of computers in business- networks – types of network – LAN, WAN , MAN, PAN, BAN, SAN & CAN . computer applications in various areas of business – internet , features and uses in business – social media and uses in business .

module 2

business and websites – introduction to web design – concepts – principles involved in developing a website – golden rules of web designing – page design – home page- web standards – audience requirements – role of web site in business- cascading style sheet – concept of CSS – HTML – HTML documents – basic structure of an HTML document- creating an HTML document – HTML tags

module 3

elements of HTML – introduction – working with text – working with lists , tables , hyperlinks , image and multimedia – web publishing or hosting – creating the website – saving the site – working on the website – themes – publishing web sites – web sites for business growth

module 4

e- commerce and digital payments : e-e-commerce , business models – B2B , B2C, B2G, C2C & B2E – requirements of e-commerce web site – modes of delivery – digital payments – USSD , NUUP, AEPS, UPI, Debit card , credit card , prepaid card , internet banking , mobile banking , e-wallets – POS terminals , M-POS , V-POS .

module 5

digital security- security threats in internet,& e-commerce , virus & trojan horses, phishing , hacking, spyware , -security measures ,anti virus , firewall , encryption , bio metrics -precautions while using internet & e- payments – IT act, major provisions of IT act.

problems related with binomial distribution

1. A coin tossed 6 times . what is the probability of obtaining 4 or more heads ?

ans: p(x) = ncr p^r q^n-r

ncr = n!/ r! (n-r)! (we can calculate ncr by dividing n! to r! (n-r)! )

here coin tossed 6 times . so the probability for obtaining 4 or more heads , we should calculate p (4), p (5), p (6).

firstly find n, p, q

n=6, p=1/2, q=1/2

p(4)=ncr p^r q^n-r

ncr = n! / r! (n-r)!

=6! / 4! (6-4)! = 720/48 = 15

p(4)= 15*1/2⁴*1/2²

=0.234

p(5) = ncr p^r q^n-r

ncr = n! / r! (n-r)!

=6! / 5! (6-5)! = 720/120= 6

p(5)= 6*1/2⁵*1/2¹

=0.0937

p(6) = ncr p^r q^n-r

ncr = n! / r! (n-r)!

=6!/6! = 1

p(6)= 1*1/2⁶*1/2⁰

=0.0156

Binomial Distribution

Binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution . it is also known as Bernoulli distribution . it is used to determine the probability of success in experiment on which there is only two equally likely outcome.

p+q = 1

Assumptions of binomial distribution

• The number of trials in say ‘n’
• There are only 2 possible outcomes in a trial
• The probability of success indicated by p and the probability of failure indicated by q
• The trials are independent

Uses of binomial distribution

• used in real life situations
• used in quality control
• used to judge a coin biased or unbiased by comparing observed frequencies and expected frequencies
• used in business decision making
• used in random sampling

WEB STANDRDS

Web standards are rules and guidelines established by the world wide web consortium (w3c) developed to promote consistency in the design code which makes up a web page. simply it is the guideline for the markup language which determines how a web page displays in a visitor’s browser window. currently five standards have been officially implemented. most of them come from w3 consortium .

• HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language )

this is the first ever standard to emerge from w3 , is widely used on the web. it is the most common tool for designing web pages, which is usually considered as the backbone of the www. using HTML structuring elements (tags) , text documents interpreted by browsers can display their contents according to specified formats.

• XML (extensible Markup Language )

this is like HTML and support most of the fixed set of elements contained in HTML 4.0 , it allows the coder to customize new tag elements according either to a pre-set DTD (Document Type Definition ) or to one that can be personally defined . XML is much more flexible than HTML and is totally future oriented. XML is the standard through which the web’s full potential can be achieved

• CSS (Cascading Style Sheet )

. CSS is a mechanism through which changes in appearance and positions can be assigned to HTML or XML elements . simply by declaring specific styles to them. the overall appearance of entire sites can be so defined with the use of CSS, allowing it to be remodelled in a matter of seconds. this standard was brought forward by the w3c to create a simpler and more structured world wide web.

• DOM (Document Object Model )

this allows a scripting language to exert its full power and interactive capabilities on a web page . it is a platform that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content , structure and style of web documents .

• ECMAScript (the standardized version of JavaScript)

the main use of ECMAScript is to manipulate objects in a web document that are specified by the DOM . through it, elements can be manipulated, moved , or have some properties changed , allowing web developers to implement such effects as animated text and graphic rollovers .

Types of web pages

web pages is a document available on world wide web . web pages are stored on web server and can be viewed using a web browser. a web page can contain many information including text, graphics, audio, video and hyper links. hyper links are the link to other web pages. collection of linked web pages on a web server is known as website. there are 2 type of web site.

Static web page

static web pages are also known as flat or stationary we page . such web pages contain only static information . user can only read the information but can not do any modification or interact with the information . static web pages don’t change content or layout with every request to the web server . they change only when a web author manually updates them with a text editor or web editing tools. the vast majority of web sites use static pages , and the technique is highly cost effective for publishing web information that doesn’t change substantially over a period of time. static web pages are created using only HTML . static web pages are only used when the information is no more required to be modified.

Dynamic web page

it shows different information at different point of time .it is possible to change a portion of a web page without loading the entire web page. for example in a news website , web pages can adapt their content or appearance depending on the user’s interactions , change in data supplied by a application, or as an evolution over time. using client side scripting techniques , content can be changed quickly on the user’s computer without new page request to the web server.

Principles Involved In Developing Website

In order to create a highly usable and effective website , designer follow certain principles which are given below.

• Accessibility

when a visitor enters the website , he must be able to access each bit of information in an easiest manner . This means that the text must be legible , the colors must not be harsh on the eyes and background must not be overpower the content . customers are online 24/7 and such they expect to be able to interact with businesses and organizations whenever and wherever they are online. so accessibility is important.

• Simplicity

company should keep their website simple and clean along with a user friendly interface to help visitors search for information they needed easily.

• communication and content

everyone who visit a website is looking for some kind of information or content. and thus it is very important to communicate with them clearly and in an engaging manner. the information must be compelling , easy to read and easy to processes . website are not just about colors , layout or graphics but a major role is played by its contents.

communication is not just about providing written information but also about images , and multimedia such as video and audio pieces.

• Navigation

web designer should have a clear idea about managing navigation in a website.

• precedence

a website is meant for providing information to visitors . one of the great tools to do this is precedence. it is about how much visual weight need to be given to different parts of design.

• Good structure

a web page must have a good structure and should be simple to understand so that users would not have to think which to go. it must be self explanatory .

• Typography

text is the most common element of design , so a lot of attention to be given on it. following things can consider in this respect:

• font choices
• font size
• spacing
• line length

• spacing

there is a tendency to fill every available space on web page with information . empty space seemed to be wasteful . in fact the opposite is true. spacing make things clear . in web design there are 3 aspects of space that need to be considered.

• line spacing
• padding
• white space

• usability

a web site not only looks attractive , but it should also be usable,

• visual hierarchy

in a website visual hierarchy can be referred to the sequence in which eye moves from one topic , content or block to another. there are mainly 2 ways to create a visual hierarchy as given below

• size hierarchy
• content hierarchy

• consistency

it implies matching of everything in a website such as heading sizes, font choices , coloring, button styles , spacing , design elements , illustration styles and photo choices.

• regular testing

test early and test often or TETO is another web design principle that all designers and website owners must consider. conducting usability test every now and then provide important results and insights into many kinds of problems and complications related to a website design. websites consistently need upgrades and updates so as to maintain the visitors footsteps and customers interest. solving errors during processes is least expensive rather than later.

WEB DESIGN

Web design is a concept of planning, creating and maintaining a website . The process of using creativity to design and construct a website and updating it regularly to incorporate changes is also referred to as web designing .

Besides the creation and updating , this concept also involves taking care of the user interface, the architecture of information presentation , the layout , the colors , content , navigation as well as the designs of the various icons. some other area in web design include search engine optimization , user experience design , standardized codes , graphic design as well as interface design . Thus web design is a process of creation with the intention of presenting the content on electronic web pages , which the end user can access through the internet with the help of web browser . web designing is the process that can be done by anyone who has the right knowledge about it but is usually best handled by professionals known as web designers.

website means a central location that contains more than one webpage . A website is a related collection of world wide web (www) files called a homepage.

Corporate Governance

Meaning and Definition

The term corporate and governance includes both corporate and governance .A corporation is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners. Governance is the manner of directing and controlling the actions and affaires of an entity.

According to milton friedman “corporate governance is to conduct the business in accordance with owners or share holder’s desires ,while conforming to the basic rule of the society embodied in law and local customs”

PG Dissertation Data Analysis Workshop at Amal College on 10th and 11th Feb, 2021

REGISTRATION LINK | WORKSHOP BROCHURE I JOIN WHATAPP GROUP

Amal College Commerce Department is organizing a two day offline workshop on pg project data analysis and article writing on feb 10-11, 2021.

We invite PG students and Research scholars from commerce, management and other social science background.

We will support you to get your data analysed and prepare a research article to publish in journals or books

Workshop Objectives

To support final year PG students/ research scholars to make data analysis for their dissertation work

To enable participants to write a research article based on their project study and to help them in getting it published in ISBN Book or journal

Registration fee

Rs 500/- per person will be payable registration fee. it includes registration kit, working lunch and refreshments on the days of workshop. We are also assure you to provide support for the participants till their first article is ready for publication in peer reviewed journal or ISBN Book.

REGISTER HERE Registration fee will be payable later through online mode.

About Trainers

Dr. K Pongannian, Assistant Professor in Commerce, Govt. College Sathyamangalam

Dr. Abbas Vattoli, Assistant Professor in Commerce, Amal College Nilambur

Dr. Umesh U, Assistant Professor in Commerce, Amal College Nilambur

Dr. Mohammed Najeeb K, Assistant Professor in Physical Education, Amal College Nilambur

Dr. Fawas K, Assistant Professor (on contract) in Statistics, Amal College Nilambur

For more details click here or contact Dr. Abbas Vattoli at 9846070806