Intranet, Extranet & Internet

• Intranet is a Private network specific to an organisation. Extranet is a Private network that uses public network to share information with suppliers and vendors. Internet is a Global system of interconnected computer network.
• Intranet is regulated by an organization. Extranet is regulated by multiple organization. Internet is not regulated by any authority.
• The content in the intranet is accessible only to members of organization. The content in the extranet is accessible to members of organization & external members with access to network. the content in the internet is accessible to everyone connected
• Intranet is owned by single organization. extranet is owned by single/multiple organization. Internet is owned by no one
• Intranet is means of sharing sensitive information throughout organization. Extranet is means of sharing information between members and external members. Internet is means of sharing information throughout the world.

Types of research

Research can be broadly classified into the following heads

1.  Fundamental research (Pure or basic research): It is concerned with generalization and formulation of a theory. it aims at knowledge production. It concentrate of natural phenomenon.
2. Applied research (Action research): It is concerned with the solution of particular problem. It is empirical and practical
3. Descriptive research (Ex-post facto research): It is a fact finding investigation. It is the description of the state of affairs as it exists.
4. Analytical research: It analyses available facts and information to make critical evaluation of the material.
5. Quantitative research: It relates to those phenomenons which can be measured quantitatively
6. Qualitative research: It is concerned with qualitative phenomenon
7. Conceptual research: It relates to some abstract ideas or theories. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or interpret existing ones
8. Empirical research (experimental research): It relies of experience or observation

Educational research: meaning and issues

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Educational research refers to a variety of methods, in which individuals evaluate different aspects of education including: “student learning, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics. the purpose of educational research is to find more effective method of instruction, techniques of evaluation, learning materials etc. The important issues studied by educational scientists are

• Curriculum
• text books & syllabus
• school organisation
• Skills
• Methods of teaching
• Socio-economic condition

Business Research: features & scope

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Business research is a field of practical study in which a company obtains data and analyzes it in order to better manage the company. It is a systematic inquiry that helps to solve business problems and contributes to management knowledge. It Is an applied research.

Characteristics of Business research

• Trans-discipline approach: It draws ideas from related disciplines
• Information access is difficult: Each piece of information will have a confidential nature.
• Managers need processed information: Managers need advanced information for decision making
• Findings must resolve a practical problem

Areas of business research

• Management research – to study managerial efficiency
• Production research- to introduce new product or production method
• Research in personnel management- to study about employees
• Research in financial management- to study about sources and uses of finance
• Accounting research- to improve accounting and reporting
• Marketing research – to meet changing needs of consumers
• Business policy research – to develop guideline for day to day functioning

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Objectives of business & management research

• Decision making
• project identification & implementation
• Policy formulation
• Environment analysis
• Market research
• Product development and innovation
• Corporate image building

Social research: meaning and objectives

Social science research is the scientific study of society. More specifically, social research examines a society’s attitude, assumptions, beliefs, trends and rules.

Objectives of social research

1. Identifying general patterns and relationships
2. Testing and refining theories
3. Making predictions
4. Interpreting culturally and historically important phenomena
5. Exploring diversities of human behaviors
6. Giving a voice to marginalized/underprivileged groups
7. Advancing new theories

Limitations of Research

1. Research conclusions are based upon collected data. if the data collected are not valid, the conclusion also will not appropriate
2. Research results in theory but many of such theories may not have practical use
3. Activities in a society are influenced by number of factors. But under normal circumstances, no research can analyse all such factors
4. Many people in society are still depend on customs and traditions for decision making, instead of going for research
5. Research is usually based on sample studies. But in many cases samples are not true representatives

Research methods & Research methodology

In the strict sense research methods and research methodology are not the same. The important differences among them are:-

1. Research methods are those tools and techniques used for conducting research while research methodology is a science of systematically solving a research problem.
2. Research methods are included in research methodology and only form a part of it while research methodology has many dimensions and are wider in scope
3. Research methods deals with application aspect of research while research methodology deals with philosophical aspects too of a research problem
4.  Research methods explain how research is to be conducted while research methodology explain why research is to conducted

Qualities of a Researcher

General qualities: Those qualities which are expected to possessed by any professional in general

1. Scientific mind – He should not be influenced by superficial facts
3. Seeker of truth & knowledge – He should always be a knowledge seeker
4. Alertness, insight & imagination – He should be up-to-date in his area of study
5. Quick power of understanding – He should be able to explain things logically
6. Trained & educated: He must be well educated and properly trained
7. Patient- He must have quality of patience to wait till he find the truth

Specific qualities: Those qualities which are expected to possessed by a researcher in specific

1. Knowledge of the subject – He should have thorough knowledge of his subject of study.
2. Knowledge of the technique of research – He must be familiar with different tools, methods & techniques of doing research
3. Personal taste in the subject – He should be a researcher in a particular topic by choice not by chance or compulsion
4. Unbiased attitude – He should be unprejudiced and free from all preconceptions
5. Familiarity with the informants – He should have a close connection with respondents from-whom  data are collected